Track Categories
The track category is the heading under which your abstract will be reviewed and later published in the conference printed matters if accepted. During the submission process, you will be asked to select one track category for your abstract.
Materials have been central to the progress, prosperity, security, and quality of lifestyle of humans since the preface of history. The intellectual foundation of the field, “Materials Science and Engineering” begun to take shape and to achieve recognition in the last 25 years, especially in the last decade. MSE or Material Science and Engineering combine the principles of engineering, metallurgy, physics, and chemistry to solve the real-world problems associated with the major engineering disciplines like nanotechnology, biotechnology, information technology, energy manufacturing, etc. Material science and Engineering stands upon four basics. This field deals with the invention of new materials and the improvement of previously known materials by developing a better knowledge of the microstructure composition-synthesis-processing relations.
A biomaterial is a substances that is derived from natural or synthetic source or by the combination of substance. It can be liquid or solid and are difficult to augment, nurture or candidly live in general. Biomaterial Science is the study of biomaterials. Biomaterials are broadly used for the purpose of replacing or repairing the missing tissue. The department of biomaterials is active for developing and portraying of biomaterials mostly for drug delivery, tissue engineering , orthopaedics and wound heal application. Mainly three types of biomaterials are used for medical devices i.e; ceramics , metals and polymers.
Tissue Engineering is the field that deals with the damaged or diseased tissues by replacing them with synthetic prostheses. This field evolved from the field of biomaterials development. The objective of tissue engineering is to congregate useful fabrications that can restore, sustain or refine damaged tissues to improve functionality. Tissue Engineering is rapidly growing as advanced innovative therapeutics as the clinical needs of organs and organ donors are unmet.
The gothic ages where stone, bronze, iron was used have now steered to the developing of minerals, ceramics from where the Metallurgy field evoked. The word, “Smart”, is enough for encapsulation of this type of material. They have one or more than one special property that made them smart from other materials. These materials can respond to change in their adjacent. Smart Materials are broadly used now a day in most of the fields like automobile manufacturing, fabrication, and aerospace, etc, as the properties can alter under a controlled condition and the answer to many modish problems. In a universe of lessening assets, they guarantee swell legitimate of merchandise through improved proficiency and preventive upkeep. In a universe of wellbeing and safety menacing, they offer early detection, self-regulated diagnosis, and even self-fix.
In the future, the main concern for humans will be health, food, energy and resources, mobility and infrastructure and communication. Undoubtedly polymers will play a key role to find a prosperous way to deal with these challenges. In the aspect of property range, diversity, performance characteristics and application polymers offer modernity and versatility that can barely be touched by another kind of material. In the field of pharmacy, polymers play an important role by involving in the construction of multiple devices in medicine and even some artificial organs from synthetic polymers, in gene delivery systems, stem cell biology, etc.
The study of Ceramic materials and their properties is an important part of material science. It is a non-metallic and inorganic compound. The word ceramics comes from a Greek word "Keramos" or "Ceramos" that means burnt earth or burnt clay which is directed to the word pottery. Ceramic is used in so many fields including electrical, aerospace and making exceptionally hard and high-performance cutting tools, electronics and many more. Silicon dioxide is used in making microchip i.e integrated circuit; to make the nose cones heat-protective on space rockets, lithium-silicon oxide is used. Piezoelectric materials, Barium Titanate (BaTiO3) and semiconductor materials are utterly used for the production of oscillators, vibrators, temperature sensors, ceramic capacitors, etc in the field of electronic and electrical industries. Today when we speak of optical material we indirectly indicate to the optoelectronic uses, from medical diagnostics to information technology to molecular electronics and power generation research in optoelectronics at Penn state range.
Energy harvesting or energy scavenging or power harvesting is the process of deriving energy from external resources. The process captures a small amount of energy that would be lost in the form of light, heat, sound, movement or vibration. It uses this captured energy to enable new technology like a wireless sensor network, improve efficiency like computing cost would be cut significantly if waste heat were harvested and help powering the computer in an maintenance-free, environment-friendly way. This opens up new applications such as deploying EH sensors to monitor remote or underwater locations and all these work can be done by different materials and are called Energy Harvesting Materials. These materials are proficient in replacing the batteries for small, low power electronic devices and these materials are eco-friendly also. The energy captured by these materials is transformed into electric power just like heat can be transformed into electric power by thermoelectric or pyroelectric materials, vibration, movement, and sound can be transferred by piezoelectric materials. Advancements in sensors are made based on the pyroelectric effect
Computational material science is a field that involves computational tools for solving materials-related problems. It is a relatively new and rapidly evolving discipline that brings together all the elements from all the major branches like materials science, physics, chemistry, mechanical engineering, mathematics and computer science. There is some different mathematical framework for analyzing problems at multiple lengths and time scales which helps in comprehending the evolution of material constitution and how these constitutions effectively control material properties. With this knowledge, we can select specific materials for specific applications and can design advanced materials for new applications.
Crystalline solids which intermediate in electrical conductivity between a conductor and an insulator and behave as a conductor as well as an insulator is known as a semiconductor. Various kinds of electronic devices like diodes, transistors, integrated circuits, etc. are made by semiconductors for their power efficiency, reliability, compactness, and low cost. Semiconductors are capable of covering a wide range of current and voltage and more importantly lend themselves to integrate into complex and develop to readily manufacturable microelectronic devices. A superconductor is those which have zero resistance against crystalline solids . The conversion of metallic to superconducting state is related to the quantum phenomena of Bose-Einstein condensation and superfluidity. Semiconductors will be in the primary focal point and certainly be the key element for the majority of electronic systems, signal processing, computing, and control applications in both consumer and industrial market.
Surface engineering deals with the control or tailor the properties of a material’s surface and surface science is related to the study of chemical and physical phenomena that occur at the interface of two phases to control and optimize the properties of a material surface like biocompatibility, corrosion, wear resistance, etc. Many fields like biomaterials, aerospace, nanomaterial, automotive engineering and many technologies like MEMS, Si device technology employ the principles of surface engineering for optimizing various surface properties(e.g. corrosion, biocompatibility, and wear resistance).
Materials chemistry involves integrating chemical based methods to design a prototype or to synthesize a potentially new products with advanced and flexible characteristics. Other than designing new compounds, materials chemistry also plays a pivotal role in understanding of molecular-level bonding of materials and their characterizations. The chemistry of condensed phase (mostly solids and polymers) and their interphases are focused and studied but in recent studies, materials chemistry have found its way into the field of electronics and involves in developing flexible electronics which has the potential to change the field of electronic devices in the future.
Nano Science and Nanotechnology refers to the field of understanding the controlled manipulation of structures and phenomena that have nanoscale dimension and can be used across all other science fields like biology, physics, chemistry, material sciences, and engineering. Nanotechnology expands its creation in materials and devices both with a broad range of applications such as electronics, medicine, energy production, biomaterials. The properties of materials such as mechanical, electric, optical, and magnetic properties are changed at the nanoscale and allowing the creation of new functional materials.
Nanoelectronics are based upon the use of nanotechnology in the field of electronics and electronic components and research for the development of electronics such as display, size, and power consumption of the devices for practical use. It covers the quantum mechanical properties of the hybrid materials, single-dimensional nanotubes, nanowires, semiconductors, and so forth. Well-developed nanoelectronics can be applied in different fields and are especially useful for detecting disease-causing agents and disease biomarkers. As a consequence, point-of-care detection becomes popularized due to the involvement of nanoelectronics. The word photonics comes from the word photon, the building block of light, so we can define the term nanophotonics as the science and engineering of light and light-matter interactions that take place on wavelength and sub-wavelength scales where the chemical or structural nature, physical nature of natural or artificial nanostructured matter controls the interaction.
In general terms, metallurgy is the process of extraction of metallic compounds in their purest form. In materials science perspective, metallurgy involves in understanding the physical and chemical behavior of metals. The introduction of metallurgy gave rise to alloys which involves the combination of two or more metals under defined conditions to develop a metal with advanced properties. The field of metallurgy are subdivided into various categories such as extractive, physical and mechanical metallurgy which concerns with the wider regions of classifying and designing the metals. Metallurgy focuses on combing and designing metals based on the industrial requirements and to develop a product based on human needs.
Nanomedicine can be defined as the monitoring, repair, construction, and control of human biological systems at the molecular level, using engineered nanodevices and nanostructures. It is a branch of medicine that applies knowledge and tools of nanotechnology to the treatment and prevention of disease. Nanomedicine involves the use biocompatible nanoparticles and robotics for diagnosis, sensing or actuating purposes in a living organism, drug delivery etc.
Graphene is a monolayer of carbon atoms, tightly bond in a hexagonal honeycomb lattice. Graphene is the thinnest known compound and lightest known material and the strongest compound discover. Graphene is the best conductor of heat at room temperature as well as the best conductor of electricity (studies have shown that the electron mobility of graphene at values of more than 200,000 cm2 V −1 s−1). It can absorb light across the visible and near-infrared parts of the spectrum uniformly. It can be used in electronics, transport, medicine, energy, defence, desalination; the range of industries where graphene research is making an impact is substantial. It can do so many things; the potential of graphene is limited only by our imagination.
Carbon nanotubes or CNTs are cylindrical molecules composed of carbon atoms linked in hexagonal shape where each carbon covalently bonded with three other carbon atoms or in other words it’s the rolled-up sheets of graphene. Nanotubes are one of the most promising molecular building blocks of nanotechnology as they have some unique properties with a wide range of potential commercial applications.
Nanorobotics is an emerging field for creating machines or robots at the microscopic scale of a nanometer. Typical nanorobots are devices which ranges in size from 0.1-10 micrometer. The main element can be used will be carbon in the form of nanocomposites, fullerene/diamond, for their strength and chemical inertness of the form. Nanorobotics can be used in the field of medicine which has various applications. They can be used for the purpose for cancer treatment , hematology, biohazards defense, etc. Apart from these nanorobotics finds its way in the fields of automation industry, molecular chemistry, automotive & aerospace, material science research and electronics-communication engineering.
Nanosensors are the devices that can be used to detect the presence of nanoparticles and chemical particles, or monitor physical parameters such as temperature, on the nanoscale. Nano sensors accelerate in the progression of fields such as medical technology; precision agriculture; urban farming; plant nanobionics; SERS-based sensors; prognostics and diagnostics; and many industrials applications. There are two types of Nanosensors namely mechanical and chemical Nanosensors. There is a growing trend of combining Nanosensors with other useful technologies, such as MEMs and microfluidic devices.
Soft materials have the tendency to deform under conditions when the material is subjected to higher temperature or even under normal room temperature conditions. Polymers and gels are considered as soft materials due to their integrative property under defined or non-defined conditions. This is due to the weak molecular interaction between two or more chemical compounds which make up the product. Soft materials find its advantage in the field of pharmacology and biotechnology by helping in formulating the drug in a semi-solid or liquid form and in improving the drug delivery systems.
Nanofluidics is the study of the manipulation, control, and behavior of fluids that are exiguous to nanometer-sized structures, while nanofluids are a class of fluids that contains nanoparticles. There are four different ways to apply nanofluidics roughly for analysis: by using nanoporous membranes, single nanopore transport, nanoconfinement, and by the concentration polarization functionality. The use of ultra-small confined spaces of well-defined nanofluidic systems and unusual effects would offer new mechanisms and technologies like Lab-on-a-chip, NCAMs to manipulate nanoscale objects as well as to synthesize unique nanomaterials in the liquid phase. Nanofluidics will, therefore, be a new arena for the science of materials.
Nano Science and Nanotechnology refers to the field of understanding and controlled manipulation of structures and phenomena that have nanoscale dimension and can be used across all other science fields like biology, physics, chemistry, material sciences, and engineering. The Rapid development of that field has been facilitating the transformation of traditional sectors food, agriculture etc. We can see the application of nanotechnology in almost every fields that’s makes our life much easier and better.
The study of understanding the intermolecular interactions with reference to crystal packing and understanding such interactions and implementing it for designing a solid or crystalline material with desired physical and chemical properties is termed as crystal engineering. The designed crystal tends to have high structural rigidity due to its compact packing and are difficult to deform. Crystal engineering focusses on developing hard materials with industrial applications. The atomic and molecular structure of the designed crystals are predicted by using X-ray crystallography by the principle of diffraction.